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One of the features of the nineties was significant growth in mining around the world as well as expansion in the areas being mined. Between 1990 and 1993 there were about 105 countries where mining was carried out; by 1994, this had risen to 151.
The land occupied by mining in Peru, a country with a mining tradition, quadrupled by the end of the 90s, increasing from 4 million to nearly 16 million hectares. This expansion took place in new geographical areas, some of which had been traditionally used for other economic activities such as agriculture. There was also increased interest in extending mining activities to areas with fragile ecosystems.
This situation has brought conflict with local populations, showing up opposing interests as regards the management and control of natural resources. For example, in many cases, the communities have to be relocated so that the companies can have access to their lands. As a result, there are a series of negative impacts on the social fabric, cohesion and cultural customs of the indigenous people and peasants. There are also conflicts when the local population is excluded from the decision-making process. Governments often authorize access to an area to carry out seismic prospecting work and exploration without informing or consulting with the local inhabitants, particularly indigenous and peasant communities, thus violating their right to the land.
CooperAcción has been working on these issues, developing a focus on defending rights. We consider that the inhabitants have a right to be consulted and to decide on their development and their children's future. We want to contribute to generating balanced and respectful relationships in the areas where extractive industries are carried out. That is why we seek to contribute to the debate and the preparation of new instruments for transformation of conflicts.
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